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(Miguel Ramis )
Tenemos algunos ejemplos de instrumentos tradicionales
de piedra como las campanas de piedra peruanas o el
piano ch'ng,un gong chino de piedra, En Baleares, un
antíguo instrumento musical son "els ossos"
( los huesos) una ristra de tibias de animal, sujetas
en paralelo con cuerdas, en forma de un xilófono,
que se cuelga al cuello y se toca pasando un bastón
arriba-abajo.
En España, Ivan Larrea a
construído órganos de piedra.
Como curiosidad, poca gente conoce que la opera "Carmina
Burana" de Karl Orff tiene una sección de
percusión con piedra.
6 Stone instruments
In the West, stone instruments are unknown. Sounding
stones qing, pending from a rack and each stone
with a different tone, are a native Chinese invention
(the whole rack is called bianqing ). The stones
have a special shape, best described as rectangular
and bend short before the middle, in a sharp angle,
but not up to 90 degrees like the letter "L".
The stones are hung up at the tip of the angle.
( Img: www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/html/en/Arts1438bye2214.html) |
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| It can be easily imagined that the stone qing
must have been one of the earliest musical instruments
in China. During the Stone Age, the Chinese forefathers,
working with stone implements, found out that certain
sonorous rocks, when knocked, produced musical sounds
and that, by knocking at rocks of different sizes,
they could make music. So the earliest man-made
chime stones were born out of those natural rocks.
In 1973 a Shang Dynasty (c.l7th-llth century B.C.)
chime stone was discovered from the ruins of that
age in Anyang, Henan Province. It is grey-coloured
and has tiger patterns engraved on it, showing that
it had been used by the imperial court. The key
step in the making of a chime stone is to give
it the right note. Artisans learned long ago how
to achieve this. If the pitch of a stone was too
high, they would grind the two flat faces of the
slab, making it thinner; if the pitch was on the
low side, they would grind the ends and make the
slab shorter, until the right tone was arrived
at.
These are percussion musical instruments unique
to ancient China. The zhong are made of bronze
while the qing generally of stone. They may be
played either individually or in groups. In the
latter case, they are hung in rows on wooden racks
and known respectively as bianzhong and bianqing.
Struck with wooden hammers, they produce melodious
sounds of various notes. In their time, they were
the important instruments played - either in solo
performance or in ensemble or as accompaniment
- during imperial audiences, palace banquets and
religious ceremonies.
( Img: www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/html/en/Arts1438bye2214.html) |
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| The jade qing was made much later,
following the same idea as for chime stones but
using the more valuable jade as the material. In
the Hall of Treasures of the Forbidden City can
be seen a chime consisting of 12 jade qing. They
were made during the reign of Qianlong (1736-1795)
of a precious black jade exquisitely finished on
both sides with gold-painted dragons playing with
balls. It is said that the twelve were chosen out
of 160 pieces made at the time by the jade carvers
of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, involving 90,000 workdays
and untold costs. |
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Bianqing
( Img: www.cuhk.edu.hk/mus/instruments/bqing.jpg) |
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The Pyeongyeong is a rare musical
instrument from the ancient Korea circa 1100 AD,
consisting of 16 L-shaped jade-stone slab hanging
from a wooden frame (resting on two white geese!).
The tone varies depending on the thickness of
the slabs.
( Img: www.neatorama.com/2007/01/28/the-original-rock-music-stones-that-sing/) |
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